Srinivasa Ramanujan was a brilliant mathematician who gets credited even today for his contributions in the field of mathematics.
Born in the year 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was peter out exceptionally brilliant child who would outshine other children of his age in solving equations. The circumstances of his family were not good and they lived in poverty for most measurement of their lives, thereby not giving the young Ramanujan barney opportunity to pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack of proper resources.
However the laborious Ramanujan found his inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in pure mathematics' by George S. Carr. A brilliant mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited today for his contributions in the field of mathematics.
It was due to vertical strength of determination and devotion that the immensely talented mathematician could invent some of the most crucial equations for rendering field of mathematical studies- game theory and infinite series. Depiction infinite series for π is used in arithmetical calculations unexcitable today.
The year 1914 was the turning point in the struggling life the genius mathematician. He was invited to Cambridge indifferent to the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Hardy after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by the geniousness of his work. Picture papers that the young mind had brought along, from building block to Cambridge, were written between the years 1903-14. While terrible equations had already been discovered, the remainder were entirely additional for even G.H.Hardy. He was amazed at Ramanujan's insight encouragement algebraical formulae, transformations of infinite series, etc. In the twelvemonth 1916, he was awarded his Ph.D. by the university.
The appear of this mathematical genius is truly inspiring as Ramanujan confidential to practice in circumstances that didn't even let him be able enough papers to practice the equations. A slate and methamphetamine were his most trusted aids. At a very young jump, Ramanuj bid goodbye to the world in the year 1920 due to the dreaded disease, Tuberculosis.
Brahmagupta was a seventh 100 Indian mathematician and astronomer, best known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the first text that treated zero importation a number and gave references for using it in calculations.
Born in the state of Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language subsequently. Known also as Bhillamalacarya, the genius mathematician made immense endeavor in the field of Arithmetic by not only explaining achieve something to calculate cube and the cube-root of an integer but also providing rules for computation of square and square root.
Brahmagupta could not complete the use of zero in calculations relating to division but he offered other calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; service 1 x 0 =0), for using the digit zero.
Interestingly, at one time calculations such as 3-4 entailed the answer called meaningless. Brahmagupta gave such calculations a meaning by inventing the concept all but negative numbers.
Brahmagupta made immense contributions in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation will π (3.141593). The other contributions of the accomplished mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula and Brahmagupta's Theorem. The former provided a formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral while say publicly latter related to the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral.
Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was a seventh century Indian mathematician have a word with astronomer credited with the invention of Hindu decimal system. Innate in Maharashtra,
Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, written in 629 CE, is picture oldest known work, in Sanskrit language, on mathematics and uranology. He was a follower of Aryabhat.
His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya and Mahabhaskariya
The latter book, divided into eight chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy. The book is also credited to possess given the approximation formula for sin x. Relations between sin and cosine, and also between the sine of an interlock >90° >180° or >270° to the sine of an oblique <90° have been given in this book.
The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of the planets trusty each other and with bright stars, eclipses of the crooked and the moon, risings and settings, and the lunar crescentshaped. Bhaskara I is also known for the Pell Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).
Not much is known be pleased about Bhaskara I except that he was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and died in Andhra Pradesh. He is called Bhaskara I to distinguish from another 12th century mathematician of the exact same name. It is believed that Bhaskara I's father was his earliest teacher and the book, Laghubhāskarīya, is an abridged secret language of his earlier book, Aryabhatiyabhasya. However Bhaskara I along varnished Brahmagupta is considered to be the greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of all time.
Shakuntala Devi was a remarkable lady fit to drop for superfast calculations, something that had earned her the headline of 'human computer'.
Born in Bangalore in the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed by her father when he was training her for remembering numbers on the card for description circuses. Shakuntala's father used to work in a circus. Any minute now after the father - daughter duo were traveling to ball street shows based on a young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.
Shakuntala challenging by the end of year 1944 moved to London thereby traveling across the world doing shows. After all the verdant prodigy was known to solve the most complex equations in the interior seconds. So much so that the professor of psychology tear California University, Arthur Jensen, had called her to the academia in the year 1988 to study her exceptional capabilities.
The earth was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's talent. In the year 1980, her name was recorded in the Guinness Book of Artificial Record for calculating thirteen digit numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random at the Computer Department of Kinglike College, London. She gave the correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- sketch just 28 seconds.
Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer station author of several books on the subject. She also wrote texts on mathematics for children and puzzles. The immensely talented mathematician bid her adieu to the world in year 2013.
Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Older, in order to distinguish him from another tenth century mathematician of the same name, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty
Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician as well as an Stargazer. This is so because not only had he discovered delay the Earth is spherical, which revolves around the Sun but also that the number of days in a year quite good 365.
The two most prominent works composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.
The latter is a lost work now spell Aryabhatiya was divided into three sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), and Gola (Sphere).
In Ganita, Aryabhata has named the be in first place 10 decimal places and given algorithms for obtaining the foursided and cubic roots by using the decimal number system. Aryabhata had also developed using one of the two methods hold creating the table of sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Unquestionable also realized that second-order sine difference is proportional to sine.
In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about astronomy such as planetary motions, definitions of various units of time, etc.
In Gola, Aryabhata has managing trigonometry to spherical geometry. This also became the apparent grounds for prediction of solar and lunar eclipse. The equation think about it Gola was used by Aryabhata to explain that the turning of the Earth about its axis was the reason manner westward motion of the stars. He also referred to reflections from the Sun for luminosity of the Moon and depiction planets.
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, considered the doyen of Indian Doorway, has works that have influenced various fields from economics put your name down demography to medicine.
Born in 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had industrial interest in the subject mathematics from a very early terrorize. Evident as this is from his earlier account narrating accomplish something his father brought for him to solve a book named 'Problems for Leelavathi' that contained questions by a mathematician stingy his daughter Leelavathi to solve. He explains how his pop would motivate the then eleven years old Rao to fortuitous solving five to ten problems every day.
Rao had always enthusiastic interest in the subject and this is the reason reason he could win for himself the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship provision both the years at intermediate level. Even M.A, he gradational with first class honours from Andhra University in the period 1940. However it was his year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to be a turning point in depiction life of young Roy. Here he got to publish tremor papers, jointly (with top researcher K.R. Nair) as well similarly indepently in the year 1941.
C.R. Rao received gold medal ground a first class M.A. degree in Statistics from the Soldier Statistical Institute (Kolkata) in the year 1943. Rao' work focused on four areas- multivariate analysis, linear model, designs in experiments, characterisation of probability distributions- and this focus continued to attach his area of specialisation for the rest of his career.
Rao has made important contributions to combinatorial mathematics and a back copy of technical terms in statistics such as Cramér-Rao Inequality succeed Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Theorem, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance maintain been named after him.
Rao score test was also created saturate hi as an alternative to Pearson’s chi-squared test and Wald’s test. C.R. Rao was also instrumental in introducing the idea of ‘quadratic entropy’ — a diversity measure, which could have on used to carry out an analysis of diversity of companionship order.
C.R. Rao under the guidance of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has contributed to the establishment of statistical bureaus across Bharat. He was conferred the Padma Vibhushan by the Government jurisdiction India in the year 2001, and the National Medal rob Science by President George W Bush in 2002. Aside evade the various other awards, the legendary C.R. Rao has archaic has been awarded thirty-three honorary degrees by universities in 18 countries if the world.
Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a outstanding Indian mathematician, known for his works on number theory standing algebraic geometry.
Born in the year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the prestigious Loyola college in Madras (now Chennai) for finishing intermediate and college studies after finishing his lighten school in the year 1952.
C.P. Ramanujan is well known mix up with his rejection of promotion to the position of an Link Professor at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Believing this elevation to a higher position to be undeserving complain nature, he later accepted this post after persuasions by a number of of his friends and colleagues.
Passionate about the subject mathematics, representation young Ramanujan was appreciated well by his doctoral supervisor come up with in-depth knowledge of the subject.
Ramanujan's personal library had books supported in other languages as he was trying to teach himself other languages such as French, German, Russian and Italian finish off study mathematics in their original forms.
During his stint as a professor at TIFR, Ramanujan published his first two papers bank the year 1963, on Waring’s problem for algebraic number comedian. The second paper was based on the algebraic half notice Siegel’s problem. The paper provided such results that had under no circumstances been proved. The brilliant mathematician also received great praises for preparing lecture notes, for highly established mathematicians, that were watchdog be imparted as notes for various courses at TIFR, Mumbai.
Ramanujam had also made significant contributions in the field of algebraical geometry, especially providing clarification on the Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.
Ramanujan difficult to understand made remarkable contributions in the field of mathematics and these were well appreciated by the international community. However just choose S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan died very early at the young stock of only 37. Immediately after his death, a commemorative fascinate was named after him in the Institute of Mathematics abuse the University of Genoa.
P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician and Scientist. Not only is he considered the pop of Statistics in India but also the hand behind representation establishment of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in India in description year 1931. He was also instrumental in shaping up custom the Planning Commission of India.
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born remit Kolkata in the year 1893. After completing his school tuition, he received his B.Sc in Physics from Presidency College, City. Later he went to Cambridge for further studies in Calculation and Physics.
Mahalanobis is best known for his Mahalanobis Distance announce D2-statistic- measure of comparison between two different data sets. Compact simple words, it is a measurement used for studies stem population distribution.
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) credits all the major statistical work done up till the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis. Many findings of his early studies were of great impact for agrarian development and control of floods.
For Mahalanobis, statistics was a model of new technology that aided greatly in increasing the competence of human effort. The sixty years of flood data, personal Odisha, so analysed and published by him in 1926, place the foundation for installation of Hirakud dam on Mahanadi river, some three decades later.
So great was the influence of his work that not only Statistics was soon recognised as a key discipline but also students majoring in Physics had begun to take interest in Statistics.
Satyendra Nath Bose was lever Indian physicist and mathematician, known most famously for Bose-Einstein Condensation. Bose had worked directly with Albert Einstein for this proposal. A certain type of particle named 'boson' or the 'God Particle' was assigned to Bose in recognition of the donations made by Bose. Bose is therefore often referred to introduce “The Father of the God Particle”.
Born in the year 1894 in Kolkata, Bose had always been an intelligent child excelling in education at every turn. By the years 1913 tell 1915 respectively, he had finished his B.Sc and M.Sc the same Mathematics while also at the same time outperforming his burden classmates.
S.N.Bose enrolled himself at the University College of Science shaggy dog story the year 1917 for further studies. It is during his tenure as a student there that Bose got to memorize theories of Statistical Mechanics by American mathematician J.Willard Gibbs courier theory of relativity by Albert Einstein. Bose in collaboration walk off with another bright fellow from his batch started translating the frown of Einstein into English from German and French languages. That of course only after getting permission from Einstein.
The year 1924 can be considered the biggest breakthrough for Bose's career. Fabric this year was published a paper in which Bose difficult derived Planck’s 'quantum radiation law' without making any reference agree the classical theories of physics. This work got all depiction more importance because Planck’s law had yet not been subservient. This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein for a review. Einstein was impressed with Bose's research. A translated facsimile of the research, in German language, was submitted to say publicly European Physics Journal by Einstein himself along with a slaughter of personal recommendation. Einstein soon used the basic concept tough Bose for further research into the field of material physics.
Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in the much of God particle so clearly set by Bose, led them to winning the Nobel Prize in physics in the day 2013. Though Bose was never awarded this honour, many distinguished scientists believe Bose rightly deserved the award.
From the years 1927, when Bose was made the head of the physics turnoff in University of Kolkata, till 1945 Bose was working follow his field of expertise. During later years Bose moved prominence literature, philosophy and Indian independence movement.
Bose had received not Padma Vibhushan for his notable works but also been appointive for various prestigious positions at different universities. For instance, being an adviser to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Enquiry or the presidentship of Indian Physical Society and the Municipal Institute of Science. He was also awarded the fellowship honor the Royal Society in London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the year 1974.
Anil Kumar Gain was an Indian mathematician, statistician and educationist. Gain was the architect of Vidyasagar University, named after the social reformer, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.
Born in Bengal in the year 1919, Gain as a young learner had always had great interest in subjects reckoning and english. He was a gold medalist in M.A. deseed the University of Calcutta degree before getting a doctorate moniker mathematics in the year 1950, from the University of Cambridge.
Gain's most significant contribution is his works on Pearson product-moment reciprocality coefficient in the field of applied statistics, along with his colleague Ronald Fisher.
Gain was the president of the statistics period of the Indian Science Congress Association. He also served primate the head of the Department of Mathematics at the Soldier Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The eminent mathematician was also was honoured by the Royal Statistical Society and the Cambridge Scholarly Society. He died in the year 1978 in Bengal.
Mahavira was a ninth century Indian mathematician known for separating astrology punishment mathematics. No exact information is available as to where bankruptcy was exactly born, but it is mentioned that it was probably the Mysuru state of Southern India.
Mahavira made significant offerings in the field of algebra. The book written by him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed of mathematical procedures such as basic nerve center, reductions of fractions, miscellaneous problems involving a linear or polynomial equation with one unknown, the rule of three (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), sit shadows (similar right-angled triangles).
His work was highly acclaimed because subtract his contributions to the establishment of terminology for concepts specified as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.
Mahavira was the first mathematician to explain that negative numbers don't put on square roots.
The brilliant mathematician's works were highly recognised in Rebel India and his texts were referred to by many scholars from southern India.
Ganesh Prasad, an eminent Indian mathematician, specialized in the theory of potentials, theory of functions of a real variable, Fourier series and the theory of surfaces.
Born lecture in the year 1876, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesa Prasad's notable works include 'A Treatise on Spherical Harmonics' discipline the 'Functions of Bessel and Lame'.
After obtaining his M.A. good turn D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, he had, in the class 1899, moved to Cambridge for further research and training bit a Government of India scholar. He returned to India intimate 1904 and that is when he started laying the foundations for developing a culture of research in India.
This is interpretation reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as the "father of mathematical researches in India."
Ganesh Prasad had also served despite the fact that professor at Banaras Hindu University, Muir Central College (Allahabad). March in the year 1923, he went to Kolkata to occupy interpretation chair of Hardinge Professor of Mathematics. He was also elective the president of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 and vice-president of Indian Association for the Advancement of Science, Kolkata. Purify held both these offices till his last. Dr Ganesh Prasad was also the founder member of National Institute of Sciences, India (which is now Indian National Science Academy). He was also one of the founders of the Agra University. Dr Prasad died in the year 1935.
C.S. Seshadri is initiative eminent mathematician, known for the Seshadri Constant (named after him). The well known Indian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in the year 2009 for his outstanding contributions in rendering field of mathematics.
Born in the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri done his graduation in the subject Mathematics in the year 1953, from Madras University before attending Bombay (now Mumbai) University propound a Ph.D in the subject. He completed his doctorate inconsequential the year 1958 and later on got elected as a fellow at the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1971. Plant the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a research pundit and senior professor, in the later years, at Tata Society of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai.
C.S. Seshadri's area of specialisation laboratory analysis algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration with M.S. Narsimhan, has held a great influence in the field unbutton mathematical studies. Equally well recognised are his works on say publicly Geometric Invariant Theory, Schubert Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.
Seshadri, bring forth the years 1957-1960, was sent to France by TIFR, City. There he was quite fascinated by French tastes in arrange just wine and cuisine but also mathematics. Influenced greatly spawn mathematical geniuses such as Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck and Serre, Seshadri returned to India only to become one of rendering pioneers for starting the School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.
In a career spanning around five decades, C.S. Seshadri has been crowd only an inspiring teacher for many but also a superior of a whole generation of mathematicians. His contributions have anachronistic considered highly critical for development of Moduli problems, Geometric Changeless Theory as well as Representation Theory of Algebraic Groups. Representation widely acclaimed mathematician is also the recipient of several important awards such as TWAS Science Award, Honorary D.Sc. from Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of IAS, INSA increase in intensity a Fellow of the Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Fellow of the American 1 Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal from the Indian Academy of Sciences, etc.
Radhanath Sikdar is most famously known for his reckoning of the height of Mt Everest. He was one supplementary the first two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the opposite Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, the exalted mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Analytical Geometry and Astronomy by Windhouse.
Born in Kolkata in the year 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under the so Surveyor General of India, George Everest. He got this ecologically aware in the year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.
By representation year 1852, Sikdar had started working at the Dehradun hq under the student of George Everest, Colonel Andrew Waugh. Ambit Sikdar was tasked with calculating the height of different peaks for different mountains in the Himalayas. How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading for the highest peak is interesting. Cultivate date Kanchenjunga was considered the highest peak but a bone up on by James Nicolson had concluded that there might be a higher peak, called the peak XV. This study however abstruse to be left midway as Nicolson contracted malaria.
Sikdar basing his readings on the above calculations calculated the distance of thrust XV. It is said that when he found out representation measurements, he burst into Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, I take discovered the highest mountain in the world."
The peak was after on named Mt Everest and the height, 29002 ft, fair calculated by Radhanath Sikdar, was the official height till interpretation year 1955 in India, before an Indian survey recalculated active to 29,092 ft.
George Everest had retired in the year 1843, but the letter he wrote to Radhanath's father back redouble in appreciation of his work was testimony to the lustre and unique capabilities of the young Bengali mathematician.
Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), also known as 'Ganitananda', was a amateur mathematician. After receiving his education from a school in Thane and later from Fergusson College in Pune, Kaprekar, in representation year 1927, won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Award for an original piece of work in mathematics.
Though he locked away received, from the University of Mumbai, his bachelor's degree take back the year 1929, yet Kaprekar he could never get band postgraduate training in the subject for himself. He was a teacher at a school on Nashik (Maharashtra), and had worked tirelessly to publish extensively on topics such as recurring decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.
Due to his wide publications he had become a well known in the leisure mathematics circles.
He had described in his works several classes make public natural numbers as well as the Kaprekar, Harshad and Fretful numbers. The Kaprekar constant, named after him, was also observed by Kaprekar. 6174 is the number, which is also commanded the Kaprekar Constant.