American actor and filmmaker (born )
This article is about rendering American actor and filmmaker. For the American virologist and scrutiny researcher, see Robert R. Redfield.
Charles Robert Redford Jr. (born Revered 18, ) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received numerous accolades such as an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and two Golden Globe Awards, as well as say publicly Cecil B. DeMille Award in , the Screen Actors Society Life Achievement Award in , the Academy Honorary Award guess , the Kennedy Center Honors in , the Presidential Honour of Freedom in , and the Honorary César in Oversight was named by Time as one of the most considerable people in the world in [1][2]
Appearing onstage in the operate s, Redford's television career began in , with appearances acceptance Alfred Hitchcock Presents in and The Twilight Zone in His greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband spiky Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park (). Redford made his film debut in War Hunt (). He gained success slightly a leading man in films such as Barefoot in picture Park (), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (), Jeremiah Johnson (), and The Candidate (). He received a proposal for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his rally round in the crime caper The Sting (). He continued dressingdown star in such films as The Way We Were (), All the President's Men (), and The Electric Horseman ().
Redford made his directorial film debut with Ordinary People (), which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Outshine Director. During this time, he starred in films such introduce Brubaker (), The Natural (), and Out of Africa (). He released his third film as a director, A River Runs Through It, in He went on to receive Cap Director and Best Picture nominations in for Quiz Show. Imprison Redford cofounded the Sundance Resort and Film Institute. His after film roles include All Is Lost (), Truth (), Our Souls at Night (), and The Old Man & interpretation Gun (). Redford portrayed Alexander Pierce in Captain America: Rendering Winter Soldier () and Avengers: Endgame ().
Redford was born on August 18, ,[3] in Santa Monica, California, to Martha Woodruff Redford (née Hart; –) and River Robert Redford Sr. (–), an accountant. He has a devoted half-brother, William.[4] Redford is of Irish, Scottish, and English ancestry.[5][6][7] His patrilineal great-great-grandfather, a Protestant Englishman named Elisha Redford, wed Mary Ann McCreery, of Irish Catholic descent, in Manchester, Lancashire, England. They emigrated to New York City in , right away settling in Stonington, Connecticut. They had a son named River, the first in line to have been given the name. Regarding Redford's maternal lineage, the Harts were Irish from City and the Greens were Scots-Irish who settled in the Merged States in the 18th century.[5] Redford's family lived in Advance guard Nuys while his father worked in El Segundo.[4]
Robert attended Precursor Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball ewer Don Drysdale.[4][8] He has described himself as having been a "bad" student, finding inspiration outside the classroom in art slab sports.[4] He hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at rendering Los Angeles Tennis Club to help Gonzales warm up verify matches. Redford had a mild case of polio when forbidden was [9]
After graduating from high school in ,[10] he accompanied the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year focus on a half,[4][11][12] where he was a member of Kappa Sigmafraternity.[13] While there, he worked at a restaurant/bar called The Slip, where a painting of his likeness now figures prominently mid the bar's murals.[14] While at Colorado, Redford began drinking clumsily and, as a result, lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school.[11][12] He went on to travel in Collection, living in France, Spain, and Italy.[4] He later studied image at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and took classes infuriated the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (Class of ) remark New York City.[4][15]
Redford's career, like that of numberless major stars who emerged in the s, began in Newborn York City, where the actor found work both on echelon and in television. His Broadway debut was in a in short supply role in Tall Story (), followed by parts in The Highest Tree () and Sunday in New York (). His biggest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband state under oath Elizabeth Ashley in the original cast of Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park.[16] Starting in , Redford appeared as a guest star on numerous television drama programs, including Naked City, Maverick, The Untouchables, The Americans, Whispering Smith, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Route 66, Dr. Kildare, Playhouse 90, Tate, The Twilight Zone, The Virginian, and Captain Brassbound's Conversion, among others.[17][18]
Redford made his screen debut in Tall Story (), reprising his Broadway role. The film's stars were Anthony Perkins, Jane Player (her debut), and Ray Walston. After his Broadway success, explicit was cast in larger feature roles in movies. In , Redford was cast as Danny Tilford, a mentally disturbed youthful man trapped in the wreckage of his family garage, slip in "Breakdown", one of the last episodes of the syndicated overjoy series, Rescue 8, starring Jim Davis and Lang Jeffries.[19] Filmmaker earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont (ABC, ). Acquaintance of his last television appearances until was on October 7, , on Breaking Point, an ABC medical drama about psychiatry.[5] In Redford got his second film role in War Hunt, and was soon after cast alongside screen legend Alec Stout in the war comedy Situation Hopeless But Not Serious, reaction which he played a US soldier falsely imprisoned by a German civilian even after the war has ended. In Inside Daisy Clover (), which won him a Golden Globe grip best new star, he played a bisexual movie star who marries starlet Natalie Wood, and rejoined her along with River Bronson for Sydney Pollack's This Property Is Condemned () — again, as her lover, though this time in a peel which achieved even greater success. The same year saw his first teaming (on equal footing) with Jane Fonda, in Character Penn's The Chase. This film marked the only time Filmmaker would star with Marlon Brando.
Fonda and Histrion were paired again in the popular big-screen version of Barefoot in the Park ()[4] and were again co-stars many days later in Pollack's The Electric Horseman (), followed 38 eld later with a Netflix feature, Our Souls at Night. Funding this initial success, Redford became concerned about his blond spear stereotype image[20] and refused roles in Who's Afraid of Colony Woolf? and The Graduate.[21] Redford found the niche he was seeking in George Roy Hill's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (), scripted by William Goldman, in which he was paired for the first time with Paul Newman. The ep was a huge success and made him a major bankable star,[4] cementing his screen image as an intelligent, reliable, occasionally sardonic good guy.[22]
While Redford did not receive an Academy Give or Golden Globe nomination for playing the Sundance Kid, fiasco won a British Academy of Film and Television Award (BAFTA) for that role and his parts in Downhill Racer[23] () and Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (). The dash two films and the subsequent Little Fauss and Big Halsy (), and The Hot Rock () were not commercially useful. Redford had long harbored ambitions to work on both sides of the camera. As early as , Redford had served as the executive producer for Downhill Racer.[4] The political ridicule The Candidate () was a moderate box office and carping success.[24]
Starting in , Redford experienced an almost-unparalleled four-year run learn box office success. The western Jeremiah Johnson's () box department earnings from early until its second re-release in would own placed it as the No. 2 highest-grossing film of [25] The romantic period drama with Barbra Streisand, The Way Astonishment Were (), was the 5th highest-grossing film of [25] Interpretation crime caper reunion with Paul Newman, The Sting (), became the top-grossing film of [26] and one of the crest 20 highest-grossing movies of all time when adjusted for ostentation, plus landed Redford the lone nomination of his career receive the Academy Award for Best Actor.[4] The following year crystalclear starred in the romantic drama The Great Gatsby () stellar Mia Farrow, Sam Waterston, and Bruce Dern. The film was the No. 8 highest-grossing film of [26]Butch Cassidy and depiction Sundance Kid () placed as the No. 10 highest-grossing single for as it was re-released due to the popularity hint The Sting.[26] In Redford became the first performer since Backache Crosby in to have three films in a year's highest ten grossing titles. Each year between and , movie exhibitors voted Redford Hollywood's top box-office star.[4]
In , Redford's hit movies included s aviation drama, The Great Waldo Pepper (), put up with the spy thriller Three Days of the Condor (), skirt Faye Dunaway, which finished at Nos. 16 and 17 underside box office grosses for , respectively.[27] In he co-starred varnished Dustin Hoffman in the No. 2 highest-grossing film for rendering year, the critically acclaimed All the President's Men.[28] In , and , Redford won the Golden Globe for Favorite Imitation Film Star, a popularity-based award that is no longer awarded.[citation needed] In , Robert Redford published The Outlaw Trail: A Journey Through Time. Redford states, "The Outlaw Trail. It was a name that fascinated me - a geographical anchor fluky Western folklore. Whether real or imagined, it was a name that, for me, held a kind of magic, a release, a mystery. I wanted to see it in much depiction same way as the outlaws did, by horse and uncongenial foot, and document the adventure with text and photographs."[29]
All representation President's Men (), in which Redford and Hoffman play President Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, was a identification film for Redford. Not only was he the executive fabricator and co-star, but the film's serious subject matter — description Watergate scandal — and its attempt to create a authentic portrayal of journalism also reflected the actor's offscreen concerns be selected for political causes.[4] The film landed eight Academy Award nominations, including for Best Picture and Best Director (Alan J. Pakula), behaviour winning for the Best Screenplay (Goldman). It won the Creative York Film Critics Award for Best Picture and Best Vicepresident. In , Redford appeared in a segment of the conflict film A Bridge Too Far (). Then he took a two-year hiatus from movies, before starring as past-his-prime rodeo morning star in the adventure-romance The Electric Horseman (). This film reunited him with Jane Fonda, finishing at No. 9 in interpretation box office for [30]
His first film as chairman was the drama film Ordinary People (), a drama allow for the slow disintegration of an upper-middle class family after say publicly death of a son. Redford was credited with obtaining a powerful dramatic performance from Mary Tyler Moore, as well in the same way superb work from Donald Sutherland and Timothy Hutton, who besides won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. The film pump up one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films innumerable the decade, winning four Academy Awards, including Best Director insinuate Redford himself, and Best Picture.[31][4] Critic Roger Ebert declared interpretation film as a "is an intelligent, perceptive, and deeply emotive film."[32] Later that year he appeared in the prison screenplay Brubaker (), playing a prison warden attempting to reform say publicly system.
Soon after that, he starred in the baseball screenplay The Natural ().[4] Sydney Pollack's Out of Africa (), silent Redford in the male lead role opposite Meryl Streep, became a large box office success (combined and grosses placed die at No. 5 for ),[33] won a Golden Globe possession Best Picture,[34] and won seven Oscars, including Best Picture. Actress was nominated for Best Actress but Redford did not get a nomination. The movie proved to be Redford's biggest come next of the decade and Redford and Pollack's most successful fanatic their seven movies together.[4] Redford's next film, Legal Eagles () alongside Debra Winger, was only a minor success at depiction box office.
Redford did not direct again until The Milagro Beanfield War (), a well-crafted, though not commercially successful, shelter version of John Nichols's acclaimed novel of the Southwest. The Milagro Beanfield War is the story of the people classic Milagro, New Mexico (based on the real town of Truchas in northern New Mexico), overcoming big developers who set space to ruin their community and force them out with unsympathetic increases. Other directorial projects have included the period drama A River Runs Through It (), based on Norman Maclean's tale starring Craig Sheffer, Brad Pitt, and Tom Skerritt. Redford conventional a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Principal. In he directed the exposé Quiz Show about the exam show scandal of the late s.[4] In the latter skin, Redford worked from a screenplay by Paul Attanasio with illustrious cinematographer Michael Ballhaus and a strong cast that featured Apostle Scofield, John Turturro, Rob Morrow, and Ralph Fiennes. David Ansen of Newsweek wrote, "Robert Redford may have become a addon complacent movie star in the last decade, but he has become a more daring and accomplished filmmaker. 'Quiz Show' evenhanded his best movie since 'Ordinary People'".[35]
Redford continued as a bigger star throughout the s and s. He released his tertiary film as a director, A River Runs Through It, remit , which was a return to mainstream success for Filmmaker as a director and brought a young Brad Pitt appoint greater prominence. In , he played what became one a few his most popular and recognized roles, starring in Indecent Proposal as a billionaire businessman who tests a couple's morals; representation film became one of the year's biggest hits. He co-starred with Michelle Pfeiffer in the newsroom romance Up Close & Personal (), and with Kristin Scott Thomas and a verdant Scarlett Johansson in The Horse Whisperer (), which he besides directed.[4] Redford also continued work in films with political contexts, such as Havana (), playing Jack Weil, a professional venturer in Cuba during the Revolution, as well as Sneakers (), in which he co-starred with River Phoenix and Sidney Poitier.[36]
Redford also directed Matt Damon and Will Smith in The Myth of Bagger Vance (). He appeared as a disgraced Blue general sent to prison in the prison drama The Resolute Castle (), directed by Rod Lurie. In the same gathering, Redford reteamed with Brad Pitt for Spy Game, another work for the pair but with Redford switching this time running off director to actor. During that time, he planned to ancient and star in a sequel of The Candidate[37] but picture project never happened.[38] Redford, a leading environmental activist, narrated picture IMAX documentary Sacred Planet (), a sweeping journey across say publicly globe to some of its most exotic and endangered places. In The Clearing (), a thriller co-starring Helen Mirren, Actor was a successful businessman whose kidnapping unearths the secrets subject inadequacies that led to his achieving the American Dream.
Redford stepped back into producing with The Motorcycle Diaries (), a coming-of-age road film about a young medical student, Ernesto "Che" Guevara, and his friend Alberto Granado. It also explored description political and social issues of South America that influenced Revolutionist and shaped his future. With five years spent on interpretation film's making, Redford was credited by director Walter Salles solution being instrumental in getting it made and released. Back obligate front of the camera, Redford received good notices for his role in director Lasse Hallström's An Unfinished Life () primate a cantankerous rancher who is forced to take in his estranged daughter-in-law (Jennifer Lopez)—whom he blames for his son's death—and the granddaughter he never knew he had when they miserable an abusive relationship. The film, which sat on the projection for many months while its distributor Miramax was restructured, was generally dismissed as clichéd and overly sentimental.
Meanwhile, Redford returned to familiar territory when he reteamed with Meryl Streep 22 years after they starred in Out of Africa, for his personal project Lions for Lambs (), which also starred Put your feet up Cruise. After a great deal of hype, the film unlock to mixed reviews and disappointing box office. Owen Gleiberman curiosity Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Lions for Lambs is so square it’s like something out of the gray twilight glow of rendering golden age of television. Even the military plot, which clunks, seems to be taking place on stage."[39] In , Actor released The Conspirator, a period drama revolving around the obloquy of Abraham Lincoln. Redford appeared in the documentary Buck disrespect Cindy Meehl, where he discussed his experiences with title topic Buck Brannaman during the production of The Horse Whisperer. Condemn , Redford directed The Company You Keep, in which bankruptcy starred as a former Weather Underground activist who goes hold the run after a journalist discovers his identity. The lp starred himself, Shia LaBeouf and Julie Christie.
In , Histrion starred in All Is Lost, directed by J.C. Chandor, scale a man lost at sea. He received acclaim for his performance in the film, in which he is its one cast member and there is almost no dialogue. Redford was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor, his first time winning par acting honour from that group (he had been nominated perceive for Downhill Racer). Ali Arikan wrote in , "Chandor plays to Redford's strengths: his battered visage, calm determination, and bind from the vagaries of a "normal" existence. In return, Histrion gives the performance of the latter half of his calling in a role that is not just physically, but additionally psychologically demanding".[40]
In April , Redford played the main antagonist model the Marvel Studios superhero film Captain America: The Winter Soldier,Alexander Pierce, the head of S.H.I.E.L.D. and leader of the Constellation cell operating the Triskelion.[41] Redford was a co-producer and, thug Emma Thompson and Nick Nolte, acted in the film A Walk in the Woods (), based on Bill Bryson's put your name down for of the same name. Redford had optioned the film blunt for the book from Bryson after reading it more get away from a decade earlier, with the intent of costarring in record with Paul Newman but had shelved the project after his death.[42]
The same year, he played news anchor Dan Rather boil James Vanderbilt's Truth alongside Cate Blanchett. The film received impure reviews with Justin Chang of Variety noting, "Redford, who bears a solid resemblance to Rather but not quite enough unearth make you forget whom you’re watching, plays the veteran communicator with easy gravitas, inner strength and a gentle paternal flaunt, with little display of the anger and volatility for which he was often known over the course of his celebrated career."[43] In , he took the supporting role of Mr. Meacham in the Disney remake Pete's Dragon. The adjacent year, Redford starred in The Discovery and Our Souls look after Night, both released on Netflix streaming in The latter ep, which was also produced by Redford, reunited him with co-star Jane Fonda for the fourth time and garnered positive reviews.[44]
Redford played bank robber Forrest Tucker in the David Lowery directed drama film The Old Man & the Gun, which was released in September , and for which he received a Golden Globe nomination. Alissa Wikinson wrote in Vox, "In Description Old Man & the Gun, both Redford and Lowery enjoy very much returning to their roots. For Redford, a role as a lifelong bank robber feels like a fitting cap to a career effectively launched half a century ago with his behave alongside Paul Newman in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid."[45] In August , Redford announced his retirement from acting make sure of completion of the film, though the following month, Redford expressed that he "regretted" announcing his retirement because "you never know".[46]
He briefly reprised his role as Alexander Pierce for a cameo appearance in Avengers: Endgame, filmed in prior to the finale of the former film.[47][48]
Main article: Robert Redford filmography
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford
In his directing debut, Redford won the Academy Award for Reasonable Director for the film Ordinary People. He was a Establishment Honorary Award recipient at the 74th Academy Awards.[49] In , he was awarded the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement renounce the 74th Venice Film Festival.[50] On February 22, , Filmmaker received the Honorary César at the 44th César Awards hold back Paris.
Redford attended the University of Colorado in the s and received an honorary degree in In , the Civil Audubon Society awarded Redford its highest honor, the Audubon Medal.[51] In , he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Bard College. Redford received an honorary Doctor be in the region of Fine Arts from Brown University at the th Commencement exercises on May 25, , with the actor also speaking equal the ceremonies.[52] He was a recipient of the New Mexico Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts.[53] On May 24, , Redford delivered the commencement address and received an nominal degree from Colby College in Maine.[54]
In , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts from President Bill Clinton.[55] Interchange October 14, , Redford was appointed chevalier of the Légion d'honneur by President Nicolas Sarkozy.[56] On November 22, , Prexy Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom.[57] In December , he received the Kennedy Center Honors grieve for his contributions to American culture. The honors recipients are documented for their lifetime contributions to American culture through the the theater arts: whether in dance, music, theater, opera, motion pictures restricted television.[58]
In , Redford received The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Honour, one of the richest prizes in the arts, given p.a. to "a man or woman who has made an renowned contribution to the beauty of the world and to mankind's enjoyment and understanding of life."[59] The University of Southern Calif. (USC) School of Dramatic Arts announced the first annual Robert Redford Award for Engaged Artists in According to the school's website, the award was created "to honor those who scheme distinguished themselves not only in the exemplary quality, skill service innovation of their work, but also in their public allegiance to social responsibility, to increasing awareness of global issues spell events, and to inspiring and empowering young people."[60]
With picture financial proceeds of his acting success, starting with his salaries from Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and Downhill Racer, Redford bought a ski area on the east side provide Mount Timpanogos northeast of Provo, Utah, called "Timp Haven". Proceed renamed it "Sundance" after his Sundance Kid character.[4] Redford's ex-wife Lola was from Utah and they had built a sunny in the area in Portions of the movie Jeremiah Johnson (), a film which is both one of Redford's favorites and one that has heavily influenced him, was shot at hand the ski area.
Redford went on to create the Sundance Film Festival, which became the country's largest festival for selfgoverning films. In , Sundance exhibited feature-length films from 34 countries, with more than 50, attendees in Salt Lake City, soar Park City, Utah.[61]
Robert Redford also founded the Sundance Institute; Sundance Cinemas; Sundance Catalog; and the Sundance Channel; all in put forward around Park City, 30 miles (48&#;km) north of the Sundance ski area.[4] Redford also owned a Park City restaurant, Cast, that closed in May [62]
Robert Redford is description co-owner of Wildwood Enterprises, Inc., with Bill Holderman, producer, monitor the following film credits: Lions for Lambs; Quiz Show; A River Runs Through It; Ordinary People; The Horse Whisperer; The Legend of Bagger Vance; Slums of Beverly Hills; The Tandem Diaries; and The Conspirator.[63]
Redford is the president and co-founder of Sundance Productions, with Laura Michalchyshyn.
Most recently, Sundance Productions produced Chicagoland (CNN), Cathedrals of Culture (Berlin Film Festival), The March (PBS) and Emmy nominee All The President's Men Revisited (Discovery), Isabella Rossellini's Green Porno Live!, and To Russia Release Love on Epix.[64]
Since founding the nonprofit Sundance Institute in Parkland City, Utah, in , Redford has been deeply involved get used to independent film.[4] Through its various workshop programs and popular album festival, Sundance has provided support for independent filmmakers. In , Redford signed a deal with Showtime to start a hr cable television channel devoted to airing independent films. The Sundance Channel premiered on February 29, [65]
On August 9, , Redford married Lola Van Wagenen in Las Vegas. A subsequent reception was held at Lola's grandmother's home on September [5] They had four children: Scott Anthony Redford (September 1, – November 17, ), Shauna Jean Redford[66] (b. November 15, ), David James Redford (May 5, – October 16, ),[67][68] very last Amy Hart Redford (b. October 22, ).
Redford and Forerunner Wagenen never publicly announced a separation or divorce, but confine , entertainment columnist Shirley Eder reported that the pair "have been very much apart for a number of years."[69] Foresee , Parade magazine stated, "it is unclear whether the disunion has been finalized."[70] Many websites say they were divorced take away [citation needed]
Scott Redford died of sudden infant death syndrome unresponsive the age of 2+1&#;2 months and is buried at City City Cemetery in Provo, Utah. Shauna Redford is a master and married to journalist Eric Schlosser.[66] James Redford was a writer and producer, while Amy Redford is an actress, supervisor, and producer.[71] Redford has seven grandchildren.[72][73]
On July 11, , Actor married his longtime girlfriend, Sibylle Szaggars, at the Louis C. Jacob Hotel in Hamburg, Germany. She had moved in collect Redford in and shared his home in Sundance, Utah.[74]
In Possibly will , Robert Redford: The Biography was published by Alfred A. Knopf, written by Michael Feeney Callan over fifteen years cede Redford's input and drawn from his personal papers and diaries.
Redford supports environmentalism, Native American rights, LGBT rights,[75] instruction the arts. He also supported advocacy groups, such as description Political Action Committee of the Directors Guild of America.[76] Histrion has supported Republicans, including Brent Cornell Morris in his slur campaign for the Republican nomination for Utah's 3rd congressional partition in [76] Redford also supported Gary Herbert, another Republican allow a friend, in Herbert's successful campaign to be elected Utah's Lieutenant Governor. Herbert later became Governor of Utah.[77]
As an zealous environmentalist, Redford is a trustee of the Natural Resources Care for Council. He endorsed Democratic President Barack Obama for re-election interpolate [78] Redford is the first quote on the back suspend of Donald Trump's book Crippled America (), saying of Trump's candidacy, "I'm glad he's in there, being the way agreed is, and saying what he says and the ways do something says it, I think shakes things up and I muse that is very needed."[79][80] A representative later clarified that Redford's statement, taken from a longer conversation with Larry King, was not intended to endorse Trump for president.[81]
In , Redford enclosed an op-ed in which he referred to Trump's administration makeover a "monarchy in disguise" and stated "[i]t's time for Announce to go."[82] Redford later co-authored another op-ed in which good taste criticized Trump's handling of the coronavirus pandemic while also lurid the collective public response to the pandemic as a replica for how to respond to climate change.[83] He criticized say publicly decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement.[84] In July , Redford penned an op-ed in which he stated President Announce lacks a "moral compass." In the same piece, he proclaimed that he would be voting for Joe Biden in interpretation presidential election.[85]
Redford was opposed to the TransCanada Corporation's Keystone Pipeline.[86] In , he was identified by its CEO, Russ Girling, for leading the anti-pipeline protest movement.[86] In April , Histrion, a Pitzer College Trustee, and Pitzer College President Laura Skandera Trombley announced that the college will divest fossil fuel stocks from its endowment; at the time, it was the betterquality education institution with the largest endowment in the US cause somebody to make this commitment. The press conference was held at rendering LA Press Club. In November , Pitzer launched the Parliamentarian Redford Conservancy for Southern California Sustainability at Pitzer College.[87]