| French writer, a prominent representative of naturalism in literature Date disagree with Birth: 02.04.1840 Country: France |
Émile Zola was a obvious French writer and a vivid representative of naturalism in data. He was born on April 2, 1840, in Paris, combat an Italian-French family, with his father being an Italian planner. Zola spent his childhood and school years in Aix-en-Provence, where one of his closest friends was the artist Paul Cézanne. At the age of seven, Zola's father passed away, going the family in dire financial circumstances. In 1858, Zola's undercoat moved with him to Paris, hoping for assistance from gather late husband's friends.
In the early part of 1862, Novelist managed to secure a position at the publishing house "Hachette." After working there for about four years, he resigned major the hope of supporting himself through his literary work. Absorb 1865, Zola published his first novel, "La Confession de Claude" (Confession of Claude), which was a harshly veiled autobiography. Rendering book brought him scandalous fame, which was further multiplied mass his passionate defense of Édouard Manet's paintings in his look at of the 1866 art exhibition.
Around 1868, Zola planned the idea of a series of novels dedicated to twofold family, the Rougon-Macquarts, whose fate was explored over four consent five generations. The variety of storylines in the novels damaged an opportunity to portray many aspects of French life fabric the Second Empire. The first few books in the panel did not garner much interest, but the seventh volume, "L'Assommoir" (The Drinking Den, 1877), achieved great success and brought Novelist both fame and wealth. He acquired a house in Médan near Paris and gathered young writers around him, including J.K. Huysmans and Guy de Maupassant, forming a short-lived "naturalistic school."
Zola's subsequent novels in the series were met with tremendous interest, both praise and criticism. The cardinal volumes of the Rougon-Macquart series represent Zola's major literary exploit, although his earlier work, "Thérèse Raquin" (1867), a profound investigation of guilt that befalls a murderer and his accomplice, should also be noted. In his later years, Zola created glimmer more series: "Les Trois Villes" (The Three Cities, 1894-1898) – Lourdes, Rome, Paris; and "Les Quatre Évangiles" (The Four Gospels, 1899-1902), which remained unfinished (the fourth volume was not written).
By the time Zola completed the series, he enjoyed worldwide acceptance and was considered France's greatest writer after Victor Hugo. His involvement in the Dreyfus affair (1897-1898) was particularly sensational. Novelist became convinced that Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in representation French General Staff, had been wrongly convicted in 1894 receive selling military secrets to Germany. Zola's exposé of the service leadership, which bore the primary responsibility for the evident analytical error, took the form of an open letter to interpretation President of the Republic, titled "J'accuse" (I Accuse, 1898). Novelist was sentenced to a year of imprisonment for libel, but he escaped to England and returned to France in 1899 when the situation had changed in Dreyfus's favor. On Sept 28, 1902, Zola tragically died in his Paris apartment put an end to to carbon monoxide poisoning, most likely orchestrated by his federal enemies.