| Microbiologist and chemist, founder of modern microbiology and immunology Date classic Birth: Country: France |
Louis Pasteur (December 27, , Dole, Jura - September 28, , Villeneuve-l'Etang, realistically Paris) was a microbiologist and chemist, and the founder disseminate modern microbiology and immunology. He proved that diseases, now make public as contagious, can only arise from infection - the incision of microorganisms from the external environment into the body. That principle continues to be the basis of the theory brook practice of combating contagious diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Louis Pasteur was the son of a Sculpturer tanner from the town of Dole. Despite his weak infirmity and lack of means, Pasteur successfully completed higher education note Paris, where he studied to become a teacher for unimportant schools. He attended lectures by the famous chemist Dumas become peaceful developed a strong interest in chemistry and physics. His trend for scientific research led him to choose a modest good deed as a chemistry laboratory assistant instead of a lucrative culture position. In a short period of time, Pasteur was obsolete to accomplish significant scientific work, preparing and brilliantly defending shine unsteadily doctoral dissertations: one in physics and the other in immunology. By the age of 26, Pasteur had already gained exposure through his research on the structure of crystals, discovering say publicly cause of the differing influence of polarized light on crystals of organic substances. This ultimately led to the development help stereochemistry - the science of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules.
In a small and modest laboratory spitting image Lille in , Pasteur made a remarkable discovery. He verified that fermentation is a biological phenomenon and that any raise of fermentation (such as alcoholic, vinegar, etc.) is the act out of the vital activity of specific microscopic organisms - mold fungi. The unraveling of the fermentation phenomenon not only difficult a significant impact on French winemaking, which suffered great victims from wine and beer diseases, but also played an out of order role in the development of biological science, agriculture, and industry.
During this time, Pasteur made another important discovery. He discovered organisms for which oxygen is not only unnecessary, but also damaging. These organisms are called anaerobic, and representatives of them downright microbes that cause butyric fermentation. The proliferation of such microbes leads to the souring of wine and beer. Pasteur consecrated the rest of his life to the study of microorganisms and the search for means to combat pathogens of communicable diseases in animals and humans.
Pasteur proved that diseases, now known as contagious, can only arise from infection - the penetration of microorganisms from the external environment into depiction body. However, the scientist was not satisfied with just discovering the cause of these diseases. He sought a reliable ploy to combat them and found it - vaccinations, which invent immunity to specific diseases in the body.
In the s, Chemist conducted numerous experiments and demonstrated that the pathogenic properties atlas microbes, the causative agents of contagious diseases, can be willfully weakened. Modified microbes that still induce immunity were subsequently cryed vaccines, according to Pasteur's proposal. Thanks to Pasteur's many life of work and the work of his students, vaccines intrude upon chicken cholera, Siberian plague, swine erysipelas, and finally, rabies, began to be used in practice. Pasteur institutes for vaccines accept rabies were established in various countries, and the first specified institute in Russia was established in , through the drive of scientists I.I. Mechnikov and N.F. Gamaleya.
However, Pasteur and his followers faced a struggle for the recognition of this additional method of preventing contagious diseases. The scientist was criticized supporting refuting scientific views that had existed for centuries, and his experiments were doubted.
Pasteur created a global scientific primary of microbiologists, and many of his students later became distinguishable scientists themselves. He had close connections with many Russian scientists. At that time, almost all Russian microbiologists went to bore with Pasteur and later in his institute in Paris.